For large macular holes, surgeons may perform Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) Flap Surgery during a vitrectomy. This involves creating a flap using a portion of the ILM, which is the thin membrane covering the retina. The flap is then repositioned over the macular hole, promoting better hole closure and enhancing the healing process. This technique is utilized to improve the success rates in closing larger macular holes. As with any surgery, individual outcomes can vary, and post-operative care is crucial for optimal recovery.